Arpeggio quality

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The dominant eleventh extends the dominant ninth with a perfect eleventh, the fourth degree an octave up. Against the major third the eleventh creates a strong suspended rub, so this quality is usually heard as a dominant with a built-in delay — it leans toward resolution but keeps hovering. In practice many voicings omit the third to let the fourth ring cleanly, which is why the chord can sound more like a sus chord than a dominant. Funk, fusion and modern jazz use it over long vamps. Listen for the fourth fighting the third: that friction is the quality's defining feature.